Exploring the Functions and Impact of Human Resources in Modern Workplaces , We have learnt in the previous chapter that the resources that exist in a country are gifts of nature. Human beings are considered an important and integral part of the ecosystem. They are endowed with intelligence, thinking and creative skills and are the biggest and the most valuable resource. Exploring the Functions and Impact of Human Resources in Modern Workplaces
It is, therefore, imperative that the government provides basic education, better healthcare and employment opportunities to every individual so that they can contribute fully to the development of the society and their country. Education and empowerment of women will have a remarkable impact on the progress of the nation. It has rightly been said that ‘educating one woman means educating the whole family’. Human beings have a lot of potential but in many countries this resource is not fully tapped.
Do You Know? :-
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) in 1990 has defined Human Development as the process of enlarging people’s choice. Now, there is a separate department of the Indian Government called as HRD (Human Resource Development) which looks after the education of the people in India.
Exploring the Functions and Impact of Human Resources in Modern Workplaces :- DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Distribution of population means how human beings are spread over the earth’s surface. The distribution of population in the world is highly uneven. It is concentrated in those areas which are rich in natural resources like fertile river valley basins, and in industrially developed regions. The population is sparse in areas where climatic conditions are not favourable for habitation, for example, polar regions, hot deserts and thickly forested areas.
At present, the world’s population has crossed a seven billion mark, China is the most populous country. India and China account for 36% of the world’s population. By and large, 59.5% of the world’s population is living in Asia, 17.4% in Africa, 13.09% in America, 9.50% in Europe and 0.51% in Oceania.
A common way of studying distribution of population is by finding out the density of population in a country or a region. The density of population is measured as the number of persons living per square kilometre of an area. If only the Earth’s land area of 150,000,000 sq. km is taken into account, human population density is 47 persons per sq. km. This includes all land area of continents and islands, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is excluded, then average population density increases to more than 50 persons per square kilometre.
Do You Know? :-
Population data is collected through the census. It is a compiled data of complete demographic statistics covering the entire population living in a country. The first complete census in India was brought out in the year 1881 and since then, it is held regularly every tenth year.
There are some areas in the world where density is less than 1 person per sq. km like the Antarctic and the Arctic regions. In other areas like Singapore, the population density is 7263 persons per sq. km and in Bangladesh, it is 1019.8 persons per sq. km as in the year 2011.
India: Land Man Ratio: India is the seventh largest country in the world in terms of geographical size, but currently, it ranks the largest in terms of population. It has a population of 1.42 billion as per the year 2022. The total population of India (1.21 billion) as in 2011 was bigger than the combined population of USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
The variation in distribution of population within India is highly remarkable. Nearly half of the population lives in five states, i.e. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh. Of these, Uttar Pradesh continues to be the most populous state with a population of almost 200 million. On the basis of density of population, India can be grouped into the following three broad regions.
States with a low density of population: in certain states, the density of population is up to 250 persons per sq. km. This is due to the physical constraints, unfavourable climate as well as slow economic development, poor infrastructure and several other factors. This includes North-Eastern and North-Western parts of India and Western Rajasthan. Arunachal Pradesh (17), Mizoram (52) and Sikkim (86) are some states included in this category.
States with a moderate density of population: The density of population in these states varies from 251-500 persons per sq. km. These regions have largely undulating topography, relatively less fertile soil and paucity of water for irrigation. Odisha (269), Gujarat (308), Karnataka (319) and Tripura (350) are some states included in this category.
States with a high density of population: Density of population in these states is above 501 persons per sq. km. Favourable climatic conditions, rich fertile soil, well-developed agriculture and a high level of industrialisation has led to rapid urbanisation and therefore, brought high density of population in these states. Bihar (1102), West Bengal (1029), Kerala (859), Uttar Pradesh (828) are some of the states that fall in this category.