You have already read in the previous chapter that establishment of East India Company’s in India was a long journey full of confrontations, struggles, battles, wars and diplomatic moves. The English came as traders and became our masters. Slowly, they conquered India from South to East and then headed towards the North, Gradually they emerged … Read more

Non-conventional sources of energy are those that are more or less, still at an experimental stage. They are non-traditional. They are less expensive and do not have much of adverse effect on the environment. In future, the dependency on these resources will increase manifolds. Solar energy: Sun is the greatest source of unlimited energy. Specially, … Read more

Vasco da Gama landed at Calicut in 1498 and marked the beginning of the European era in Indian history. By the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had established their colony in Goa. In the next century, India became a popular destination for a large number of European traders, adventurers and missionaries from England, Spain, France, Holland, … Read more

The internal problems of the Marathas and the growing ambition of the English saw the conflict of interests between the British and the Marathas during the period between 1775 to 1818. First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82) The British wanted to sign an alliance with aspiring Peshwa, Raghunath Rao against Madhav Rao II. The Maratha chieftains backed … Read more

Minerals are exhaustible resources. These resources are limited and unevenly distributed. Per head consumption of minerals is higher in developed countries as compared to the same in developing countries. Therefore, we need to use them economically and conserve them for future generations. The conservation of minerals does not mean preservation of minerals. It implies that … Read more

Mineral and energy resources provide the foundation for economic and industrial development. No country can think of improving its standard of living without utilizing its mineral and energy resources. We have evidences to prove how the advent of different metals have helped in the progress of human civilization during Copper Age, Bronze Age and Iron … Read more